Brain cancer encompasses various types of tumors that can develop within the brain or its surrounding tissues. The classification of brain tumors is complex and involves considering factors such as the type of cells involved, the tumor’s location, and its behavior (whether it is benign or malignant). Here are some of the main types of brain tumors:
Gliomas: Gliomas are tumors that develop from glial cells, which are supportive cells in the brain. They are the most common type of brain tumor in adults. Gliomas are further classified based on the type of glial cell they originate from, including:
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): This is the most aggressive and common type of glioma. It originates from astrocytes, a type of glial cell, and is considered a grade IV tumor.
- Astrocytoma: Astrocytomas can vary in aggressiveness and are classified into grades I to IV, with grade IV being the most malignant.
- Oligodendroglioma: These tumors originate from oligodendrocytes and are typically slow-growing. They are classified into grades II and III.
- Ependymoma: Ependymomas arise from ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. They can occur in both children and adults.
Meningiomas: Meningiomas are tumors that develop from the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. They are usually benign and slow-growing, but they can cause symptoms if they grow large enough to compress surrounding structures.
Pituitary adenomas: Pituitary adenomas are tumors that develop in the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. They are often benign and can affect hormone production, leading to various symptoms.
Medulloblastoma: Medulloblastoma is a type of brain tumor that primarily affects children. It originates in the cerebellum, which is located at the base of the brain. It is considered a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).
Schwannomas: Schwannomas are tumors that develop from Schwann cells, which produce the myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers. They can occur in the brain or along nerves elsewhere in the body.