Skin cancer can be broadly categorized into three main types based on the cells from which it originates. These are:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. It develops from the basal cells, which are found in the lower part of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. BCCs usually appear as open sores, red patches, pink growths, shiny bumps, or scars, and they tend to grow slowly. They are rarely life-threatening but can cause disfigurement if not treated promptly.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer. It arises from the squamous cells, which make up most of the epidermis. SCCs often appear as rough, scaly patches, raised growths with a central depression, or open sores that may crust or bleed. They can grow quickly and have the potential to metastasize to other parts of the body if left untreated.
Melanoma: Melanoma is less common than basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma but is more aggressive and can be more dangerous if not treated early. It originates from melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Melanomas often appear as asymmetrical moles with irregular borders, varied colors (black, brown, tan, red, white, or blue), and a larger diameter than typical moles. They can develop anywhere on the skin, including areas not exposed to the sun, and can metastasize to other organs.